Subdivision / Consolidation application in Kouga.

Consolidation requires the properties to be contiguous, to be held under the same ownership, and - in most schemes - to carry compatible zonings, since a single erf cannot sensibly hold two conflicting zones. Where the zonings differ, a rezoning is usually lodged alongside the consolidation so the resulting erf has one coherent set of rights.

The practical drivers are development footprint and title simplicity. Building lines and coverage are measured from erf boundaries, so removing an internal boundary between two erven can release buildable area that neither could use on its own. Consolidation also removes the internal building-line setbacks that would otherwise apply across that boundary.

Like subdivision, consolidation runs through the Surveyor-General and the Deeds Office: a new diagram is prepared for the consolidated erf and a new title deed is registered. Existing bonds, servitudes and title conditions over either property must be dealt with, and a bondholder's consent is generally required where a property is mortgaged.

The Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act 16 of 2013 (SPLUMA) is the national framework: it requires every municipality to adopt its own land use scheme and municipal planning by-law, and it makes the municipality - not the province - the authority of first instance on land development applications.